Showing posts with label Psychology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Psychology. Show all posts

Monday, November 03, 2025

EFT Myth Number 5: Process in Four Sessions

 (An EFT Myth for Adults Who Like Big Words and Complicated Ideas)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Session 1. The Beginning

 

In the beginning… there was the Process

Which is first of all

The science-magic of one-thing-after-another.

 

Sometime later, there was Rogers and Gendlin

(There were others, but you have to start somewhere).

 

And out of the swirling process

They saw presence and experiencing forming.

 

And these gave rise to empathy,

unconditional positive regard, and congruence.

 

And the response modes spoke these to the world,

But the true process was not in the response modes

But made them come to life,

Because, as Whitehead knew:

Process is the beginning and end of everything.

 

So we saw all this, and it was called Process-Experiential,

And, lo, it was very cool.

 

 


Session 2. The Dialectic Process

 

Twofold always, said Blake,

Speaking another piece of science-magic.

 

For EFT-ers always do things in twos:

The binary of zeros and ones,

Day and night,

Hot and cold,

Heart and head;

But: heart must come first!

 

And moreover:

Nature and culture (said Claude Levi-Strauss),

Being and nothingness (said Jean Paul Sartre),

Life against death (said Norman O. Brown).

 

Experiencer and Critic (the dance of the two chairs),

Self and other (the dance of the empty chair),

Client and therapist (supplicant and healer, said Jerome Frank),

 

Even binary and nonbinary:

People who say there are two kinds of people,

And people who don’t.

 

Les and Sue,

EFTe and EFTa:

Emotion-based EFT and attachment-based EFT.

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Session 3. The Naming and Counting of Processes

 

And we came and we counted the many processes

And named them

With names both poetic

And like unto marketing.

 

For to name something is to get handle on it,

To gain a glimpse, to pick it out

In the dark, for a moment.

 

Though the naming is not the understanding

Nor the healing of the pain, but still,

The naming begins to take away the shaming

And starts the process.

 

Next after naming comes the counting

Of the many processes:

 

Twelve EFT tasks (great and small)

Nine types of empathic response mode;

Six task resolution stages;

Five emotion scheme elements;

Four emotion response types;

Three stages of case formulation;

Two sides to construct a dialectic;

One emotional deepening process:

To connect all the other processes

And point the way forward.

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Session 4. In the End:  A Little Poem Made of EFT Process Epigrams

 

Process is the magic of one-thing-after-another.

Process is the magic of two speaking together.

 

Trust the Process.

Keep calm and Process.

May the Process be with you.

Live long, and Process.

 

In the beginning was the Process.

But the Process that can be spoken is not the true Process;

For if everything is Process, then nothing is Process.

 

                                            -Robert Elliott, October 2025 




 

 


Monday, January 16, 2023

On Nonbinariness: A Talk Given at Westhope Presbyterian Church, Saratoga, California

1. Introduction

 

Marjorie Pearson asked me if I’d be willing to talk here today. I’ve had lots of interesting discussions with Marjorie over the years, and really appreciate how open she has been to my issues about my gender identity.

 

She was interested in why I recently decided to add “they/them” as my preferred pronoun; before this I didn’t specify a pronoun at all.

 

My “coming out” has so far consisted of adding this information about my pronoun preferences to my email signatures on my personal and work email accounts, and to my Zoom label.

 

I’ve never really talked about my gender identity publicly before, and hardly ever privately.

 

2. Gender and Spirituality

 

Where to start?

I can remember being uncomfortable with male gender roles when I was a kid.

For a long time I was afraid to grow up, because I feared I would become a callous, hard man.  Over the years, my experiences of deeply understanding my many female clients only confirmed my fears, and as a therapist I have often felt ashamed to be a man.

 

In fact, the most important spiritual figures in my life were women: my mother, my grandmother, my childhood mentor Margaret.

 

I experienced my father as generally a kind, wise person who was not forceful, avoided conflict and was a bit distant.  Also, his wisdom was more worldly.  Although his insights were valuable and interesting, they didn’t strike me as spiritual or particularly inspiring.  In the end, for me he was more of a fellow traveller on the same or a similar road.

 

On the other hand, it was my mother, grandmother and my friend Margaret who were strong, inspiring, powerful.  I do have to say that in the case of my mother and grandmother they were also rather controlling. 

 

However, these three people deeply inspired me to do more and to be more; I went to church with all of them; they provided a strong moral compass for me; and they helped me get closer to God.

 

This was important, because from a pretty young age, I had real trouble getting my head around male images of God.  For me, God has always been female.  Nevertheless, to try to find a less extreme position, my compromise has been to adopt a gender-balanced trinity: Jesus/son = male; Holy Spirit = female & Father replaced by a gender neutral Parent.

 

In church, I’ve always been more comfortable when there was a female priest (I’m pretty much a life-long Episcopalian), although gay men will do if needed (and have done for most of the past 25 years).

 

3. Growing up Female-Identified

 

From a young age, I was pretty much always more interested in girls and women than boys and men. 

 

I can remember imagining having long hair.  In the 1950’s and early 1960’s it was always cut short, as was the custom for boys then, but I don’t think I was ever really comfortable with that.  Then around 1970 I started growing it out into a gender neutral Afro.  When that stopped working for me around 2000, I started growing what hair I had left out into a pony tail; at that point, my dad was doing the same thing with his hair, as were my two sons.  It felt good to finally be able to do that.

 

So I guess you could say that I’m “female identified”: Certainly, my main role model has been my grandmother, who was public figure (radio and TV personality) in Chicago, then retired to become a professional writer. From a young age I aspired to be like her. Also, as I was the oldest of her grandchildren, she encouraged me.

 

It’s hard to know, but I think I might have preferred to have been born as a female.  In addition to having long hair, I think I would have liked to have been able to have children, scary and difficult as that can be.  I feel somehow incomplete as a human being for not having had that experience, and even guilty for having evaded the process.  Although I love my two boys and do not for a second regret who they are, I certainly would have been happy for us to have had girls, and to have helped to raise them as strong women. 

 

4. Finding a Balance Professionally & Personally

 

I have certainly found it fulfilling to have been a therapist for many women, who have certainly given me plenty of vicarious experiences of what complete jerks men can be.  As I noted earlier, as a therapist I have often felt ashamed to be a man, even as I worked to support my female clients in developing their own sense of personal power, helping them maintain a balance between their need to be themselves and their need for connection with the important people in their lives.  In recent years, as I’ve come to work with more people from East Asian, I have come to pride myself in being a kind of wise “auntie” to many of them, occupying the role that might have been provided by an experienced older female figure in many traditional cultures.

 

But of course I live in the body of a man. I don’t necessarily reject that, but as I’ve been saying I identify more with women and strongly value the more traditionally “feminine” parts of me: empathy, emotionality, sensitivity, poetry, and an interest in the arts and music, as well as literature. I’m not interested in dominating or “winning”. So in general I tend to feel like I have more in common with women than men, and would rather hang out with them.  I’ve always tended to have more female than male friends, and have in my career really benefitted from a succession of female mentors and therapists. 

 

5. Psychological Androgyny and the “They/them/their”

 

In the 1980’s, psychological androgyny was a big thing in academic psychology, and that always made a lot of sense to me.  Psychological androgyny is the idea that we are all mixtures of traditionally male and female characteristics, and that maybe the ideal might be a flexible balance of characteristics traditionally associated with men and women.  Thus, for me personally, the pronouns “she/her/hers” and “he/him/his” can seem too limiting; for this reason, “they/them/their” are my current preferred pronouns.

 

Nowadays, of course, I think a lot of people feel like psychological androgyny is too limiting:  Why should certain characteristics be associated with women and others with men?  Why can’t women (and men) have whatever characteristics are true and work for them? That makes sense to me, but perhaps because I was brought up with traditional gender role stereotypes, I still like the idea of psychological androgyny, even with its somewhat outdated dialectic of traditional gender roles. But here I am.

 

Lastly, like my grandmother, I have ended up a writer, although not of novels like her but of professional and scientific books and articles about psychotherapy and psychotherapy research.  And that is where I discovered the appeal of “they/them/their” to refer to generic people whose gender wasn’t known, or whose gender wasn’t relevant.  This is actually an old usage in English, going back centuries, so in spite of what most of us were taught in school, I happily abandoned the use of generic masculine pronouns and now find myself preferring gender neutral pronouns.  Long live “they/them/their”!  I’ll take them, and happily embrace myself as a slightly queer, nonbinary person.

 

Sunday, December 07, 2014

Do Biological Explanations of Psychological Difficulties Reduce Empathy in Mental Health Professionals?

Interesting report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (USA) about a series of clinical perception analog studies in which mental health practitioners were given written vignettes of clients/patients with common mental health difficulties (schizophrenia, depression, social phobia), and then randomly given either biological or psychosocial explanations for the person's problems. (I thought the explanations were quite well done and evidence-based.) After that, they were asked to rate their feelings toward the client on 6 relational emotions (including "warm, compassionate, sympathetic"), labelled by the researchers as "empathy". 

Results: The researchers said that they had expected that the biological explanations would make practitioners more sympathetic to the hypothetical clients.  Instead, they were surprised to find that the so-called empathy ratings were higher when practitioners were given psychosocial explanations (e.g., trauma, poor living conditions, family conflict) than biological explanations (e.g., family history of the problem, MRI results.) 

I think that humanistic psychologists will not be surprised by these results, since this is consistent with what we have been warning of for years. Still, it is a sobering finding for those of us who do like to dabble in neuroscience (e.g., brain correlates of empathy).  However, I think that what is really going on here is that the psychosocial explanations provided a more coherent narrative for the person's problems, locating them within the person's life history and context to a much greater extent that the biological explanations did.  Empathic, caring emotions are much easier to access within a narrative context.

http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/11/25/1414058111.short 

Wednesday, April 16, 2014

Al Mahrer, Eccentric Humanistic Psychologist, RIP

--> Entry for 16 April 2014:

Word reached me today that Al Mahrer has died.  I can’t find any record of a birthdate, so I don’t even know how old he was, probably in his late 80’s, given that he got is PhD  1954.  Al was a wild & crazy guy.  Also quite annoying at times.  I suppose lots of people have Al Mahrer stories.  In one of his books, he claimed his therapy could cure cancer.  Some of my Al Mahrer stories I don’t feel are appropriate to record here, so I will just say that I was pretty outraged at the time.   

At the same time, tonight, as I reflect on his passing, I find myself wondering how it was in 1980 that he thought to invite Clara Hill, Bill Stiles and me to be part of an APA symposium on the future of psychotherapy research.  For some reason, he saw us as promising young psychotherapy researchers who might have something useful to say to the rest of the field. I don't think too many other people were paying attention to us then.  I didn't even know that about myself, until he slapped a grandiose title ("Fitting Process Research to Practicing Therapist"!) onto my untitled APA submission, a title that I then felt I had to live up to.

So, in spite of the nonsense, I also think he was brilliant -- and not just for "discovering" Bill, Clara and me.  He certainly changed the way I think about and do therapy and therapy research.  And I'm sure that his method of bodily resonation is one of the main sources of how I think about empathy as an embodied process in which it is possible at certain times to deeply enter the client's experiential process.  That means that every time one of my clients and I are able to do this, there is a wee bit of Al Mahrer there with us, in the room.  He was certainly one of a kind.

Saturday, March 30, 2013

“No New Meds”: Article in Science News


Entry for 30 March 2013:

I didn't think I'd live long enough to see the psychopharmacology movement begin to run out of steam! While drug companies defund research on new psychopharm drugs, others in the field continue to search desperately for ways to save the paradigm, such as cutting corners in the drug development process. What is bracing and unexpected here is the range of scientists admitting that there are real problems with the field, including the fact that no new classes of psychiatric drugs have been introduced in the past 30 years. What they seem to be missing in all of this is the idea that psychotherapy/counselling is a much more refined and differentiated psychopharmacological agent for helping people change their brains by changing their experiences and behavior. Let's hear it for neuroplasticity!

No New Meds | Humans | Science News

Web edition: February 7, 2013 Print edition: February 23, 2013; Vol.183 #4, (p. 26)
With drug firms in retreat, the pipeline for new psychiatric medications dries up
Psychiatry seemed poised on the edge of a breakthrough. In early 2011, after decades of no radically new drugs, a fundamentally different schizophrenia treatment promised relief from the psychotic hallucinations and delusions plaguing people with the disease. The new compound, devised by chemists at Eli Lilly and Co., hit a ...

Monday, March 04, 2013

Robert’s Personal Timeline

Entry for 22 Feb -2 March 2013:

[Note: Constructed for life history biography project being carried out by Barbara Hannigan, Trinity College Dublin.]

1927-1950: Parents both from broken families: mother’s by divorce, father’s by parental suicide

Chapter 1: California (First Saturn Return)
1950: Born, Stanford University, California
1950 – 1968: Childhood, Lodi, California
• Responsible oldest of 6 children: “family therapist” role, consulted by mother for advice on my siblings and myself
• Mother and grandmother Jung enthusiasts; Grandmother’s interest in parapsychology
• Parents involved in Christian healing/charismatic movement; later, father becomes a shaman
1967 (age 17): Turning point 1: Read Karen Horney, decided to become psychotherapist
1968 – 1972: University of California, Santa Cruz (Psychology)
1972 – 1978: University of California, Los Angeles (Clinical Psychology)
1973 (age 23): Married Diane Pearson
1975 (age 25): Realised that I could, with experience, become a competent therapist
1976 (age 26): Turning point 2: Attended first SPR meeting, met Les Greenberg & Laura Rice

Chapter 2: Toledo, Ohio (Second Saturn Return):
1978 - 1984: First job: moved to Toledo, Ohio: teaching research and psychotherapy; significant events research
1982 (age 31): First son, Brendan, born
1983 (age 33): Marital crisis: Realised that people are more important than work
1985 (age 35): Turning point 3: On sabbatical in Sheffield UK, decided to give up interpreting clients; after return to Toledo, began working with Les Greenberg and Laura Rice to develop what eventually became EFT
1985 – 1991: Toledo Experiential Therapy of Depression Project
1987 (age 37): Second son, Kenneth, born
1991 – 1992: Sabbatical in Toronto, Canada: Finish Facilitating Emotional Change; take part in PE-EFT training program run by Greenberg and Rice; beginning of humanistic-experiential psychotherapy meta-analysis project
1992 – 1999: Toledo Crime-related PTSD project; Director of Clinical Training, U of Toledo; Center for the Study of Experiential Psychotherapy protocol starts
2000- 2006: “Time of Turning”: “Every day is a gift”, Learning Emotion-Focused Therapy; conflicts at work

Chapter 3: Scotland (Third Saturn Return):
2006 (age 56): Turning point 4: Year of many changes: Father dies, youngest son leaves home, move to Scotland; new job, begin running EFT training in Scotland.
• High point of my life to date: co-officiating at oldest son’s Shinto/Christian/animist wedding
2006 – present: Scotland: University of Strathclyde; Strathclyde Social Anxiety Project; ongoing EFT training established in Scotland, followed by Netherlands and Belgium
• 2008 (age 58): Year of Awards: Carl Rodgers Award for Contributions to Humanistic Psychology; Society for Psychotherapy Research Distinguished Career Award
• 2010 (age 60): Prostate cancer: focused on letting go, identifying what is important (ie, doing the most good with the time I have left in my life)
• 2012 (age 62): Stayed with Mother during her process of dying from brain cancer




Wednesday, February 20, 2013

Emotion-Focused Therapy Minimum Training Standards


Guidelines for EFT-Individual Therapist Certification
(International Society for Emotion-Focused Therapy, 12/12/2012 version)

[Notes: The board of the new International Society for Emotion-Focused Therapy (ISEFT) has been meeting by Skype on a monthly basis since last July.  One of our chief activities has been the construction of a set of minimum training standards for EFT-Individual therapy training.  As of our most recent meeting in December, these have finally reached the point where they can begin to be disseminated.  In the not-too-distant future these will be posted on the new ISEFT website (www.iseft.org), which is still under construction, but for now I am posting them here for general information and comments.  –Robert]

A. Principles:
1. The ISEFT Board evaluates trainings to make sure that they meet basic minimum standards or better.
2. Approved local training institutes determine any additional criteria and the specific ways the minimum criteria are met; they also administer the certification of therapists who come under their training program.

B. The basic minimum standards: Minimum 24-training units
Training unit =
• 1 workshop/group supervision day (6 - 7 hrs)
• 2 hrs direct personal supervision of own recorded work with EFT certified supervisor/therapist

1. Minimum prior training: Must have a professional training in some form of therapy
a. If not humanistic-experiential therapy (eg person-centered, focusing-oriented, gestalt), recommend additional empathy training.

2. Basic didactic/experiential workshop training (=Levels 1 & 2): Minimum 8 days/training units (but can be longer), run by certified or approved EFT trainers, covering at least:
• Empathy/relational skills
• Emotion theory, emotion change principles and emotional deepening
• Basic markers/tasks: focusing/clearing a space, unfolding, two chair (conflict and self-interruption splits, self-soothing), empty chair
• EFT case formulation

3. Direct Personal Supervision of own work: Minimum 8 training units = 16 hrs supervision of own work
• 2 hrs of supervision of own work=1 training unit
(a) Supervision standards:
• By a certified EFT supervisor, in either individual or group formats
• Including review by supervisor of session recordings
• Different training centres will use different combinations of workshop and individual supervision
(b) Individual format: 16 hrs = 8 training units
(c) Group format: When supervision is in group format, only count time in direct personal supervision of own clinical work,
• A day (6-7 hrs) of group supervision will also count as a workshop (nonsupervision) training day (= 1 training unit).  Two hrs of group supervision will count as 1/3rd of a (nonsupervision) training unit.

4. Electives to make up a total 24 training units, including:
(a) Additional workshop days, including level 3 training and specialized workshops (eg trauma, depression, anxiety, eating difficulties)
(b) Additional expert direct personal supervision
(c) Additional group supervision
(d) Approved process research projects involving review of EFT sessions recordings (max 4 units)
(e) Assisting in teaching or running EFT training (= 1 training unit per training day)

5. Client experience: See at least two individual clients in EFT for a total of at least 30 sessions, including a minimum of: (a) audio or video recording; (b) process notes summarising what happened and use of active tasks; (c) ongoing supervision by an approved EFT supervisor.

6. Evaluation of competence:
(a) Produce two sessions with active task work in them
(b) Translate/transcribe
(c) Brief case description, including a case formulation
(d) One certified EFT supervisor (certified EFT therapists to start with) listen to and rate for competence on the EFT Therapist Evaluation Form

EFT Therapist Evaluation Form items
Demonstration of EFT Skills in:
(1) Empathy
(2) Marker identification
(3) Emotional deepening
(4) Ability to think about clients in EFT terms (case formulation, process identification, mark identification, experiential formulation)
(5) Use of appropriate EFT tasks, such as focusing, reprocessing, enactment/active expression work, alliance/interpersonal/relational work 

Sunday, September 02, 2012

Fellow Status in APA Division of Clinical Psychology


Entry for 2 September 2012:

Last April I received an email out of the blue from the head of the Fellowship Committee of the Division of Clinical Psychology (Division 12) of the American Psychological Association, asking if I’d like to be nominated for Fellow status in that division.  Thanks, I said, but I’m a professor of counselling working in Scotland now; are you sure you want me?  No problem!, She said.  So I put together list of my clinical-psychology-relevant accomplishments and sent it off.

This past Friday, at the end of a long week running this year’s Strathclyde EFT Level 1 training workshop, I learned that I’ve been elected to Fellow Status in Division 12 of the American Psychological Association.  According to APA (www.apa.org/membership/fellows/index.aspx):

Fellow status is an honor bestowed upon APA Members who have shown evidence of unusual and outstanding contributions or performance in the field of psychology.

Election to Fellow status requires evidence of unusual and outstanding contributions or performance in the field of psychology. Fellow status requires that a person's work has had a national impact on the field of psychology beyond a local, state, or regional level. A high level of competence or steady and continuing contributions are not sufficient to warrant Fellow status. National impact must be demonstrated.

I was previously elected to Fellow Status in two other divisions (Humanistic Psychology, Psychotherapy), but with 3500 members Clinical Psychology is by far the largest of the three divisions to which I belong and the discipline in which I received by PhD.  It’s nice to have this recognition in my home discipline.